Environmental Protection and Sustainability: Exploration for the Strategies of Environmental Stewardship and Community Engagement

The sustainable development of the blue economy is critical for preserving biodiversity, promoting economic growth, and ensuring human well-being. This study investigates how environmental stewardship aligns with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), while also exploring its broader impact on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Through an in-depth analysis of international agreements such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992, the OSPAR Convention 1992, the Barcelona Convention, and the Marine Pollution Convention (MARPOL) 1973 (Annexes I, IV, and VI), this research evaluates the effectiveness of these frameworks in supporting sustainable blue economy strategies. Additionally, national policies on fishing practices, pollution control, and habitat conservation are reviewed to assess their role in fostering environmental sustainability. This study adopts a mixed-method approach. A document review of key international conventions, policies, and strategies forms the foundation for evaluating global and national environmental governance. Data is further collected through interviews and questionnaires targeting coastal communities in Mtwara, Mbeya, Zanzibar, and Dar es Salaam, as well as maritime professionals, to capture insights on policy effectiveness and community involvement. The gathered data is subjected to qualitative content analysis to identify key themes, patterns, and relationships, providing a deeper understanding of policy implementation, governance effectiveness, and community engagement. The study aims to offer practical strategies for improving community participation in environmental stewardship and advancing sustainability within the blue economy, contributing to the global goals of sustainable development.